The new Firefox
Fast for good.
Download Firefox — English (US)
Your system may not meet the requirements for Firefox, but you can try one of these versions:
Download Firefox — English (US)
Your system doesn't meet the requirements to run Firefox.
Your system doesn't meet the requirements to run Firefox.
Please follow these instructions to install Firefox.
Please follow these instructions to install Firefox.
The best Firefox ever
Lightweight
Uses 30% less memory than Chrome
Powerfully private
Truly Private Browsing with Tracking Protection
Keep up with
all things Firefox.
If you haven’t previously confirmed a subscription to a Mozilla-related newsletter you may have to do so. Please check your inbox or your spam filter for an email from us.
Advanced Install Options & Other Platforms
Download Firefox for Windows
Download Firefox for macOS
Download Firefox for Linux
Download Firefox — English (US)
Your system may not meet the requirements for Firefox, but you can try one of these versions:
Download Firefox — English (US)
Your system doesn't meet the requirements to run Firefox.
Your system doesn't meet the requirements to run Firefox.
Please follow these instructions to install Firefox.
Paneuropäisches Picknick
Jan Hildebrandt
Comments ( 0 )
Please log in to add your comment.
Transcript of Paneuropäisches Picknick
Meilenstein für den Durchbruch des Eisernen Vorhangs
ein Schritt zum gemeinsamen Europa durch den Mut von Menschen aus verschiedenen Ländern
Gedenkfeiern jedes Jahr am 19. August ( 2009 zum 20.Jahrestag mit Bundeskanzlerin )
Erster gewaltfreier Durchbruch und Riss des Eisernen Vorhangs
Freiheit für über 600 DDR Bürger
stärkere Zusammengehörigkeit in Europa
19. August 1989 dreistündige Grenzöffnung
Grenze zwischen Österreich und Ungarn (bei Sopron)
Flucht von mehreren DDR Bürgern
Die Sperranlagen waren finanziell nicht mehr tragbar.
Ungarische Oppositionelle und Österreicher luden zum Picknick ein.
"Das Paneuropäische Picknick" von Dieter Friedl 2012
"Das Loch im Eisernen Vorhang" von Jens Bauszus, FOCUS-Online-Redakteur 2009
"Wo ein Picknick Europa veränderte" von Andrea Mühlenberger, ARD Hörfunkstudio Wien 2009
"Das Paneuropäische Picknick und die Grenzöffnung am 11. September 1989"-von Laszlo Nagy, Potsdamer Bulletin für Zeithistorische Studien, Nr. 23-24/2001, S. 24-40
"Paneuropäisches Picknick, Sopron 1989" von Dieter Wunderlich
"Es war der erste und auch nur ein kleiner Schritt, der in Folge ein paar Kilometer "Berliner Mauer" und hunderte Kilometer "Eisernen Vorhang" zu Fall brachte!"-Dieter Friedl
27. Juni 1989 Durchtrennung des Eisernen Vorhangs
The new Firefox
Fast for good.
Download Firefox — English (US)
Your system may not meet the requirements for Firefox, but you can try one of these versions:
Download Firefox — English (US)
Your system doesn't meet the requirements to run Firefox.
Your system doesn't meet the requirements to run Firefox.
Please follow these instructions to install Firefox.
Please follow these instructions to install Firefox.
The best Firefox ever
Lightweight
Uses 30% less memory than Chrome
Powerfully private
Truly Private Browsing with Tracking Protection
Keep up with
all things Firefox.
If you haven’t previously confirmed a subscription to a Mozilla-related newsletter you may have to do so. Please check your inbox or your spam filter for an email from us.
Advanced Install Options & Other Platforms
Download Firefox for Windows
Download Firefox for macOS
Download Firefox for Linux
Download Firefox — English (US)
Your system may not meet the requirements for Firefox, but you can try one of these versions:
Download Firefox — English (US)
Your system doesn't meet the requirements to run Firefox.
Your system doesn't meet the requirements to run Firefox.
Please follow these instructions to install Firefox.
AOL Search
Webresultaten
Paneuropa Picknick | Homow Universalizzz
https://paulhuzzz.wordpress.com › 2009 › . › paneuropa-picknick
Dezer dagen was in het nieuws dat het gisteren precies 20 jaar geleden was, dat op 19 augustus 1989 aan de Oostenrijks-Hongaarse grens de Paneuropese Picknick .
Pan-Europa-Picknick mondt uit in Oostduitse uittocht naar .
https://www.digibron.nl › search › . › 1d31b410ec1ced8a7ac83e68d3a2.
SOPRON - De zaterdag op de Hongaars-Oostenrijkse grens gehouden PanEuropa-Picknick werd een 'groot Europafeest', met dramatische tegenstellingen. Nadat het IJzeren .
Pan-European Picnic - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Paneuropa-Picknick
"Das Paneuropa-Picknick vom 19. August 1989, das Ende der Teilung Europas" (in German). Páneurópai Uni .
Paneuropäisches Picknick – Wikipedia
https://de.wikipedia.org › wiki › Paneuropäisches_Picknick
ARD Tagesschau vom 19. August 1989 – Massenflucht bei Veranstaltung; Das Paneuropa-Picknick vom 19. August 1989, das Ende der Teilung Europas – Darstellung der .
Paneuropa Picknick 1 - YouTube
Grand Mufti, Pan Europa, Bush Crime Family, And Dulles' Real CIA Job - Duration: 2:16:57. James Ambas 2,071 views
Paneuropa Picknick 2 - YouTube
Paneuropa Picknick 2 Hofburg Manfred. Loading . Paneuropa Picknick 1 - Duration: 7:15. Hofburg Manfred 3,214 views. 7:15. 890819 - Duration: 4:12.
Panevropský piknik – Wikipedie
https://cs.wikipedia.org › wiki › Panevropský_piknik
Das Paneuropa-Picknick vom 19. August 1989, das Ende der Teilung Europas (německy) – organizace a průběh akce (na oficiálním webu Paneuropy)
Paneuropa picknick | Spanish Translator
www.spanishdict.com › translate › paneuropa picknick
Translate Paneuropa picknick. See Spanish-English translations with audio pronunciations, examples, and word-by-word explanations.
Pan-European Picnic - WOW.com
www.wow.com › wiki › Paneuropa-Picknick
The Pan-European Picnic is considered a significant milestone on the road to German reunification, . "Das Paneuropa-Picknick vom 19. August 1989, .
Den paneuropæiske picnic - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi
https://da.wikipedia.org › wiki › Den_paneuropæiske_picnic
Das Paneuropa-Picknick vom 19. August 1989, das Ende der Teilung Europas – Darstellung der Ereignisse auf der Website der Paneuropäischen Union, .
Die SS (Schutzstaffel)
Jan Hildebrandt
Comments ( 0 )
Please log in to add your comment.
Transcript of Die SS (Schutzstaffel)
Mai 1923 Aufbau eines Saalschutzes und einer Leibgarde Adolf Hitlers
ab April 1925 Ausdehnung auf das gesamte Reichsgebiet; Unterstellung unter die SA
Januar 1929 Heinrich Himmler wird "Reichsfüher SS"
1931 Aufbau des SD (Sicherheitsdienst)
ab 1939 Teilnahme an den Kriegshandlungen
Bei Kriegsende im Mai 1945 Verbot der SS
Bespitzelung und Unterdrückung der Bevölkerung
Bewachung und Führung der KZs
Ermordung von Juden und unerwünschten Volksgruppen
militärische Aufagben der Waffen-SS
„Die Aufgabe der SS ist zunächst die Ausübung des Polizeidienstes innerhalb der Partei.“ Adolf Hitler 7.11.1930
Der sogenannte "Röhmputsch"
Entmachtung der SA
SS genießt das uneingeschränkte Vertrauen Hitlers
Pan-European Picnic
- Pan-European Picnic wiki
- Pan-European Picnic review
- Pan-European Picnic history
- Pan-European Picnic encyclopedia
- Pan-European Picnic facts
The Pan-European Picnic (German: Paneuropäisches Picknick ; Hungarian: páneurópai piknik ) was a peace demonstration held on the Austrian-Hungarian border near Sopron, Hungary on 19 August 1989, the day before the Hungarian holiday commemorating Stephen I of Hungary. Part of the Revolutions of 1989 leading to the lifting of the Iron Curtain and the reunification of Germany, it was organised by the Paneuropean Union and the opposition Hungarian Democratic Forum under the sponsorship of Archduke Otto von Habsburg and Imre Pozsgay.
Background
In 1989, the situation in Central Europe was tense. Despite dictatorial governments, its peoples demanded democratic elections, freedom of speech and the withdrawal of Soviet troops. The physical elements of the Iron Curtain were a dominant factor in the movement to unite Europe. Although some countries had a severe Communist power structure, others (such as Hungary) took a reform-oriented approach. Supported by Mikhail Gorbachev’s new policies, the communist leadership accepted the necessity for change. Non-governmental organizations and new political parties played a sizable role in the movement towards a democratic, multiparty system. That year, round-table discussions were held in several Central European countries to develop a consensus on changing the political system. In February formal discussions began in Warsaw and on 4 April the Polish Round Table Agreement was signed, legalising Solidarity and scheduling parliamentary elections for 4 June. Solidarity’s victory surpassed all expectations.
Developments in Hungary
Beginning in 1989, Romanian citizens were filling refugee camps at the Hungarian-Romanian border near Debrecen. In the early summer of 1989, thirty to forty thousand people sought asylum in Hungary. Although the Hungarian government had been bound by a bilateral agreement to return the refugees to Romania, Hungary signed the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (CRSR) in 1989. [2]
The financial situation was difficult in Hungary, and Prime Minister Miklós Németh decided that his government could not afford to maintain automated border control along the border with Austria; spare parts would come from the West and were paid for in hard currency. Németh believed it was no longer necessary to secure the borders; Hungarians were allowed to travel freely, and the government did not intend to continue fortifying the country’s Western borders. At the border between East and West Berlin several hundred people were killed, with border guards instructed to shoot refugees. The last person shot to death was Chris Gueffroy, in February 1989.
East Germans, who often spent their summer holidays on Lake Balaton (where they could meet relatives and friends from West Germany), remained in Hungary during the summer of 1989. On 20 June Otto von Habsburg, heir apparent of the House of Habsburg and member of the European Parliament from 1979 to 1999, addressed an audience at the university in Debrecen about Europe without borders and the European Parliament elections' impact on Central Europe. His speech was followed by a dinner, at which two representatives of the conservative Hungarian Democratic Forum party (Mária Filep and Ferenc Mészáros) suggested a picnic for local residents at the Austro-Hungarian border to celebrate the bonds between Austrians and Hungarians.
Although the Hungarian Democratic Forum’s (MDF) national leadership of the MDF had reservations, Filep (supported by local Fidesz and MDF groups) recruited participants and searched for a suitable location. She wanted to include guests at the "common destiny camp", a gathering of intellectuals and opposition activists from Central and Eastern European countries in Martonvásár (not far from Lake Balaton) scheduled to end date on 20 August. The site chosen for the picnic was on Bratislava Road in Sopron, a border crossing since 1922.
The gathering was intended as an informal meeting of Austrians and Hungarians at the border meadow. Permission to open the border station for three hours was granted, so pedestrians from both countries could experience Europe without borders. Its organisers recruited Otto von Habsburg and Imre Pozsgay, a reformist member of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSzMP) and Minister of State, as patrons of the event.
Former Prime Minister Németh explained in 1989, a 2014 documentary, that the picnic offered the Hungarian government a way out of a situation which had arisen with East German tourists holidaying in Hungary that summer:
No one of us forecast it that during the summer [of 1989] we will have another hot potato in our hands, namely the German refugee problem. I got the first news that, interestingly, after the 2–3 weeks long holiday, some of the GDR citizens decided to stay, and it was clear to me, that this is now very, very serious. In Budapest, around the Lake Balaton, all the camping sites were fully, fully packed, even along the road, without any facilities around them, of course. End of September, and the cold weather arrives, we did not have facilities to provide, these people will die here, frozen, during the winter. So, why didn’t I just send them home?
For years we were obliged to pick up East Germans and send them [home] on special airplanes, organized by the infamous Stasi, to take them home, in many cases to prison or serious harassment. We couldn’t keep doing that, certainly not with 100,000 people. We had to find a clear solution. We could not keep them here, and we could not send them back. The only remaining option was the unthinkable: to somehow send them to the west, but this was bound to provoke not only Honecker and his regime in East Germany, but also the hard-liners in Moscow, so what to do, what to do?
A flyer was produced, advertising the picnic with a map of the site, and was distributed to East German citizens wishing to defect to West Germany via Austria. Under East German law, citizens were required to request permission to travel to the West; they saw the picnic as an opportunity to act. The destiny of these approximately 100,000 people was the top news story in prime-time news broadcasts for several months, showing Europe the urgent need to find a suitable way out. The East German rulers, planning to celebrate the 40th birthday of the "GDR" on 7 October 1989, were keen to hide the problems and were silent about the mass exodus of their own people.
In a re-enacted scene in Anders Østergaard's documentary 1989, Prime Minister Németh tells an aide, "Gyuri, I think this could actually be a very good thing. I think it would be good if some of the East Germans used this opportunity and fled." "Fled?" "Yes. And we would not interfere with it." "I see." Németh explained in the documentary:
This was really a great opportunity to us to assess the Russians’ reactions, to test the tolerance of the Soviet Union. So we sent out an order to the border troops: "Please instruct your guards, if you see any East Germans on the border, let them pass. Do not intervene."
At the picnic several hundred East German citizens overran the old wooden gate, reaching Austria unhindered by the border guards around Árpád Bella. The Hungarian borders were opened on 11 September, and the Berlin Wall fell on 9 November. [3] [4]
Picnic events
In a symbolic gesture agreed to by both countries, a border gate on the road from Sankt Margarethen im Burgenland (Austria) to Sopronkőhida (Hungary) was to be opened for three hours. On 27 June Austrian Foreign Minister Alois Mock and his Hungarian counterpart, Gyula Horn, cut the border fence about 6 km (3.7 mi) from this spot (a symbolic act highlighting Hungary's decision to dismantle its border surveillance, which had begun on 2 May). [5] [6]
More than 600 East Germans fled to the West. In the run-up to the picnic, its organisers distributed pamphlets advertising the event and Hungarian border guards were ordered by the Ministry of the Interior not to intervene or carry arms; the border guards helped people to flee.
In Budapest and around Lake Balaton, thousands of East Germans hesitated to cross the border. Over the next few days, the Hungarian government increased the number of guards patrolling its western border and a relatively small number of refugees reached the West. On 11 September 1989, Hungary opened its borders to citizens of East Germany and other Central European countries; this was the first time a Central European border opened to citizens of Eastern Bloc states. A few months after the opening, more than 70,000 East Germans fled to West Germany via Hungary.
Prime Minister Németh said in 1989, "I was in my office all day, I was nervous, very nervous. Luckily, there was no knocking on my door by the Soviet ambassador, no telephone calls from Moscow." The picnic was organised by four Hungarian opposition parties: the Hungarian Democratic Forum, the Alliance of Free Democrats, Fidesz and the Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party. Its patrons were Christian Social Union in Bavaria MEP Otto von Habsburg (head of the house of Habsburg and claimant of the Austro-Hungarian throne) and Hungarian Minister of State and reformer Imre Pozsgay. East Germany’s Erich Honecker told the Daily Mirror about the picnic, "Habsburg distributed pamphlets right up to the Polish border, inviting East German holiday-makers to a picnic. When they came to the picnic, they were given presents, food, and Deutsche Marks, before being persuaded to go over to the West."
Later developments
The Hungarian government normalised border controls after the picnic. In August, 6,923 people were arrested at the border; of those, 5,527 were East Germans. The Hungarian government feared that laxness would lead to hard-liners assuming control in the Kremlin, leading to a coup d’état against Gorbachev. During the night of 21–22 August Kurt-Werner Schulz, a 36-year-old East German from Weimar, was killed. Németh said later:
We decided to get back to the rule books on the border control, but at the same time, we, or I, created a trap for myself [. ] One of the advisors quite clearly told me, "Look, this is a very risky business now, Miklos, do you know what this means? It means that from now on every single murder will be your fault. Do you understand?" I felt ashamed that it had happened. I made the conclusion in one sentence: "We are opening up".
On 22 August Németh flew by helicopter to Bonn to meet with West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and Kohl's foreign secretary, Hans-Dietrich Genscher. There, Németh "dropped a bomb on their table":
Esteemed Chancellor, an important decision has been made in Budapest. Returning the refugees to East Germany is out of the question. We shall open the border, and by mid-September, all East Germans should be able to leave our country. I will never forget his eyes. Kohl, the big boy, was moved to tears.
Németh assured Kohl that the Hungarians would handle the border situation, and compliance by Gorbachev was unnecessary. Kohl telephoned Gorbachev, informing him of Németh’s decision, and Gorbachov assured Kohl that the Hungarian premier "was a good man". On 11 September the border was opened, and 30,000 East Germans fled to the West.
After the East German regime tried to block the Hungarian route, thousands fled to the West via Czechoslovakia and there was a massive popular uprising. On 17 October Honecker was relieved as head of state, and on 9 November the gates to West Berlin were opened.
The picnic site is commemorated with a monument by Miklós Melocco, a bell from the city of Debrecen, a pagoda from the Association of Japanese–Hungarian Friendship and a wooden monument unveiled by the organisers in 1991. A large artwork of a cross and barbed wire by Gabriela von Habsburg (daughter of Otto von Habsburg) is at the Cave Theatre in Fertőrákos, a few kilometres from the site.
The Pan-European Picnic is considered a significant milestone on the road to German reunification, and commemorative ceremonies are held annually on 19 August at the border. In 2009 Angela Merkel (who grew up in East Germany) attended festivities commemorating the picnic’s 20th anniversary, thanking the Hungarians for their courage and foresight: "Two enslaved nations together broke down the walls of enslavement. and Hungarians gave wings to East Germans’ desire for freedom." [7] Hungarian President László Sólyom unveiled a white marble monument in memory of those who risked their lives to cross the Iron Curtain, [7] and Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt said: "We must remain an open Europe of open societies and open minds, open to others beyond our present boundaries". [7]
Image & Video Gallery
Reference Links For This Wiki
Article Discussion (0)
See Also
2017 Everipedia, Inc.
Pan-European Picnic
The Pan-European Picnic (German: Paneuropäisches Picknick ; Hungarian: páneurópai piknik ) was a peace demonstration held on the Austrian-Hungarian border near Sopron, Hungary on 19 August 1989, the day before the Hungarian holiday commemorating Stephen I of Hungary. Part of the Revolutions of 1989 leading to the lifting of the Iron Curtain and the reunification of Germany, it was organised by the Paneuropean Union and the opposition Hungarian Democratic Forum under the sponsorship of Otto von Habsburg and Imre Pozsgay.
Background
In 1989, the situation in Central Europe was tense. Despite dictatorial governments, its peoples demanded democratic elections, freedom of speech and the withdrawal of Soviet troops. The physical elements of the Iron Curtain were a dominant factor in the movement to unite Europe. Although some countries had a severe Communist power structure, others (such as Hungary) took a reform-oriented approach. Supported by Mikhail Gorbachev’s new policies, the communist leadership accepted the necessity for change. Non-governmental organizations and new political parties played a sizable role in the movement towards a democratic, multiparty system. That year, round-table discussions were held in several Central European countries to develop a consensus on changing the political system. In February formal discussions began in Warsaw and on 4 April the Polish Round Table Agreement was signed, legalising Solidarity and scheduling parliamentary elections for 4 June. Solidarity’s victory surpassed all expectations.
Orthodox hardliners still proclaimed the role of the communist parties and their regimes, relying on border controls permitting citizens to travel to the West once every three years with a small amount of cash. In Germany this led to the Berlin Wall, through which only pensioners could pass. Although East Germany, Czechoslovakia and Romania had repressive regimes, in 1988 Hungarians were issued passports enabling them to travel more freely.
Developments in Hungary
Beginning in 1989, Romanian citizens were filling refugee camps at the Hungarian-Romanian border near Debrecen. In the early summer of 1989, thirty to forty thousand people sought asylum in Hungary. Although the Hungarian government had been bound by a bilateral agreement to return the refugees to Romania, Hungary signed the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (CRSR) in 1989.
The financial situation was difficult in Hungary, and Prime Minister Miklós Németh decided that his government could not afford to maintain automated border control along the border with Austria; spare parts would come from the West and were paid for in hard currency. Németh believed it was no longer necessary to secure the borders; Hungarians were allowed to travel freely, and the government did not intend to continue fortifying the country’s Western borders. At the border between East and West Berlin several hundred people were killed, with border guards instructed to shoot refugees. The last person shot to death was Chris Gueffroy, in February 1989.
East Germans, who often spent their summer holidays on Lake Balaton (where they could meet relatives and friends from West Germany), remained in Hungary during the summer of 1989. On 20 June Otto von Habsburg, heir apparent of the House of Habsburg and member of the European Parliament from 1979 to 1999, addressed an audience at the university in Debrecen about Europe without borders and the European Parliament elections' impact on Central Europe. His speech was followed by a dinner, at which two representatives of the conservative Hungarian Democratic Forum party (MГЎria Filep and Ferenc MГ©szГЎros) suggested a picnic for local residents at the Austro-Hungarian border to celebrate the bonds between Austrians and Hungarians.
Although the Hungarian Democratic Forum’s (MDF) national leadership of the MDF had reservations, Filep (supported by local Fidesz and MDF groups) recruited participants and searched for a suitable location. She wanted to include guests at the "common destiny camp", a gathering of intellectuals and opposition activists from Central and Eastern European countries in Martonvásár (not far from Lake Balaton) scheduled to end date on 20 August. The site chosen for the picnic was on Bratislava Road in Sopron, a border crossing since 1922.
The gathering was intended as an informal meeting of Austrians and Hungarians at the border meadow. Permission to open the border station for three hours was granted, so pedestrians from both countries could experience Europe without borders. Its organisers recruited Otto von Habsburg and Imre Pozsgay, a reformist member of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSzMP) and Minister of State, as patrons of the event.
Former Prime Minister NГ©meth explained in 1989, a 2014 documentary, that the picnic offered the Hungarian government a way out of a situation which had arisen with East German tourists holidaying in Hungary that summer:
No one of us forecast it that during the summer [of 1989] we will have another hot potato in our hands, namely the German refugee problem. I got the first news that, interestingly, after the 2–3 weeks long holiday, some of the GDR citizens decided to stay, and it was clear to me, that this is now very, very serious. In Budapest, around the Lake Balaton, all the camping sites were fully, fully packed, even along the road, without any facilities around them, of course. End of September, and the cold weather arrives, we did not have facilities to provide, these people will die here, frozen, during the winter. So, why didn’t I just send them home?
For years we were obliged to pick up East Germans and send them [home] on special airplanes, organized by the infamous Stasi, to take them home, in many cases to prison or serious harassment. We couldn’t keep doing that, certainly not with 100,000 people. We had to find a clear solution. We could not keep them here, and we could not send them back. The only remaining option was the unthinkable: to somehow send them to the west, but this was bound to provoke not only Honecker and his regime in East Germany, but also the hard-liners in Moscow, so what to do, what to do?
A flyer was produced, advertising the picnic with a map of the site, and was distributed to East German citizens wishing to defect to West Germany via Austria. Under East German law, citizens were required to request permission to travel to the West; they saw the picnic as an opportunity to act. The destiny of these approximately 100,000 people was the top news story in prime-time news broadcasts for several months, showing Europe the urgent need to find a suitable way out. The East German rulers, planning to celebrate the 40th birthday of the "GDR" on 7 October 1989, were keen to hide the problems and were silent about the mass exodus of their own people.
In a re-enacted scene in Anders Г˜stergaard's documentary 1989, Prime Minister NГ©meth tells an aide, "Gyuri, I think this could actually be a very good thing. I think it would be good if some of the East Germans used this opportunity and fled." "Fled?" "Yes. And we would not interfere with it." "I see." NГ©meth explained in the documentary:
This was really a great opportunity to us to assess the Russians’ reactions, to test the tolerance of the Soviet Union. So we sent out an order to the border troops: "Please instruct your guards, if you see any East Germans on the border, let them pass. Do not intervene."
At the picnic several hundred East German citizens overran the old wooden gate, reaching Austria unhindered by the border guards around ГЃrpГЎd Bella. The Hungarian borders were opened on 11 September, and the Berlin Wall fell on 9 November.
Picnic events
In a symbolic gesture agreed to by both countries, a border gate on the road from Sankt Margarethen im Burgenland (Austria) to SopronkЕ‘hida (Hungary) was to be opened for three hours. On 27 June Austrian Foreign Minister Alois Mock and his Hungarian counterpart, Gyula Horn, cut the border fence about 6 km (3.7 mi) from this spot (a symbolic act highlighting Hungary's decision to dismantle its border surveillance, which had begun on 2 May).
More than 600 East Germans fled to the West. In the run-up to the picnic, its organisers distributed pamphlets advertising the event and Hungarian border guards were ordered by the Ministry of the Interior not to intervene or carry arms; the border guards helped people to flee.
In Budapest and around Lake Balaton, thousands of East Germans hesitated to cross the border. Over the next few days, the Hungarian government increased the number of guards patrolling its western border and a relatively small number of refugees reached the West. On 11 September 1989, Hungary opened its borders to citizens of East Germany and other Central European countries; this was the first time a Central European border opened to citizens of Eastern Bloc states. A few months after the opening, more than 70,000 East Germans fled to West Germany via Hungary.
Prime Minister Németh said in 1989, "I was in my office all day, I was nervous, very nervous. Luckily, there was no knocking on my door by the Soviet ambassador, no telephone calls from Moscow." The picnic was organised by four Hungarian opposition parties: the Hungarian Democratic Forum, the Alliance of Free Democrats, Fidesz and the Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party. Its patrons were Christian Social Union in Bavaria MEP Otto von Habsburg (head of the house of Habsburg and claimant of the Austro-Hungarian throne) and Hungarian Minister of State and reformer Imre Pozsgay. East Germany’s Erich Honecker told the Daily Mirror about the picnic, "Habsburg distributed pamphlets right up to the Polish border, inviting East German holiday-makers to a picnic. When they came to the picnic, they were given presents, food, and Deutsche Marks, before being persuaded to go over to the West."
Later developments
The Hungarian government normalised border controls after the picnic. In August, 6,923 people were arrested at the border; of those, 5,527 were East Germans. The Hungarian government feared that laxness would lead to hard-liners assuming control in the Kremlin, leading to a coup d’état against Gorbachev. During the night of 21–22 August Kurt-Werner Schulz, a 36-year-old East German from Weimar, was killed. Németh said later:
We decided to get back to the rule books on the border control, but at the same time, we, or I, created a trap for myself [. ] One of the advisors quite clearly told me, "Look, this is a very risky business now, Miklos, do you know what this means? It means that from now on every single murder will be your fault. Do you understand?" I felt ashamed that it had happened. I made the conclusion in one sentence: "We are opening up".
On 22 August NГ©meth flew by helicopter to Bonn to meet with West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and Kohl's foreign secretary, Hans-Dietrich Genscher. There, NГ©meth "dropped a bomb on their table":
Esteemed Chancellor, an important decision has been made in Budapest. Returning the refugees to East Germany is out of the question. We shall open the border, and by mid-September, all East Germans should be able to leave our country. I will never forget his eyes. Kohl, the big boy, was moved to tears.
Németh assured Kohl that the Hungarians would handle the border situation, and compliance by Gorbachev was unnecessary. Kohl telephoned Gorbachev, informing him of Németh’s decision, and Gorbachov assured Kohl that the Hungarian premier "was a good man". On 11 September the border was opened, and 30,000 East Germans fled to the West.
After the East German regime tried to block the Hungarian route, thousands fled to the West via Czechoslovakia and there was a massive popular uprising. On 17 October Honecker was relieved as head of state, and on 9 November the gates to West Berlin were opened.
The picnic site is commemorated with a monument by Miklós Melocco, a bell from the city of Debrecen, a pagoda from the Association of Japanese–Hungarian Friendship and a wooden monument unveiled by the organisers in 1991. A large artwork of a cross and barbed wire by Gabriela von Habsburg (daughter of Otto von Habsburg) is at the Cave Theatre in Fertőrákos, a few kilometres from the site.
The Pan-European Picnic is considered a significant milestone on the road to German reunification, and commemorative ceremonies are held annually on 19 August at the border. In 2009 Angela Merkel (who grew up in East Germany) attended festivities commemorating the picnic’s 20th anniversary, thanking the Hungarians for their courage and foresight: "Two enslaved nations together broke down the walls of enslavement. and Hungarians gave wings to East Germans’ desire for freedom." Hungarian President László Sólyom unveiled a white marble monument in memory of those who risked their lives to cross the Iron Curtain, and Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt said: "We must remain an open Europe of open societies and open minds, open to others beyond our present boundaries".
The new Firefox
Fast for good.
Download Firefox — English (US)
Your system may not meet the requirements for Firefox, but you can try one of these versions:
Download Firefox — English (US)
Your system doesn't meet the requirements to run Firefox.
Your system doesn't meet the requirements to run Firefox.
Please follow these instructions to install Firefox.
Please follow these instructions to install Firefox.
The best Firefox ever
Lightweight
Uses 30% less memory than Chrome
Powerfully private
Truly Private Browsing with Tracking Protection
Keep up with
all things Firefox.
If you haven’t previously confirmed a subscription to a Mozilla-related newsletter you may have to do so. Please check your inbox or your spam filter for an email from us.
Advanced Install Options & Other Platforms
Download Firefox for Windows
Download Firefox for macOS
Download Firefox for Linux
Download Firefox — English (US)
Your system may not meet the requirements for Firefox, but you can try one of these versions:
Download Firefox — English (US)
Your system doesn't meet the requirements to run Firefox.
Your system doesn't meet the requirements to run Firefox.
Please follow these instructions to install Firefox.
Definition of Picknick. Meaning of Picknick. Synonyms of Picknick
Definition of Picknick
Picknick Pick"nick, n. See Picnic.
Meaning of Picknick from wikipedia
- The Pan-European Picnic (German: Paneuropäisches Picknick ; Hungarian: páneurópai piknik) was a peace demonstration held on the Austrian-Hungarian border.
- Picnic with Weissmann (German: Picknick mit Weissman) is a 1968 Czechoslovak animated short film by Jan Švankmajer. The phonograph winds up, and the needle.
- Isacsson went on to successful solo careers. 1971 (1971) Family Four's jul (1971) Picknick (1972) Family Four på Berns (1973) Family Four: Guldkorn (2000).
- living in Berlin. Her work often deals with transitory themes, as in " Picknick der Friseure", in a comical, but nevertheless thrilling way, which make.
- 2017-04-02. "Yesterday and today". Retrieved 12 February 2017. "Auf zum Picknick -Biergarten" (in German). 29 August 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2017. .
- Russian. "Mädchen sind doof" (2007) "Noch einmal" (2007) "Regen" (2007) Picknick (May 4, 2007) Ich Bin Du Bist (March 19, 2010) Les Nuits Blanches (October.
- influenced by the Flower Power movement during that time and created the album Picknick . The songs sounded a lot like a mix of George Harrison's work on The Beatles.
Picknick-Bremen
Kann man Picknick nur bei Wärme und schönem Wetter machen?
-->> NEIN! Ich zeige das einmal an 3 Beispielen:
Beispiel-1: Besuchen Sie mal wieder die Oma zuhause, im Altersheim oder im Krankenhaus und nehmen Sie…
Picknick-Bremen
Jetzt gibt es die 2. Auflage unseres kostenlosen eBooks im PDF-Format: "Anleitung zum erfolgreichen Picknick" . 26 randvolle Seiten .
- noch mehr Tipps
- noch mehr Einblick in die Geschichte
- noch mehr Rezept-Tipps…
Picknick-Bremen
Demnächst gibt es von uns ein richtig großes Picknick-eBook
Weil die Resonanz auf unser kleines und kostenloses 22 seitiges eBook zum Picknick so groß war, haben wir unsere "Anleitung zur erfolgreichen…
Picknick-Bremen
Picknick ist in! - Picknick als Großereignis ebenfalls
Liebe Kollegen Inhaber und Personal-Verant wortliche,
in diesem Jahr hat es im Bereich "Öffentliche Kultur-Ereignis se" eine Reihe von Terminen gegeben, in denen Picknick als Option ein Bestandteil war. All diese Feste wie "Sommer in Lesmona" oder…
Picknick-Bremen
Entlegene Höfe gibt es auch in Bremen
Liebe Buten- und Binnen- Bremer,
"weit raus!" kann man auch in Bremen sein.
Klar ist das Kino Gehen für unsere Landwirte eher möglich, als in Niedersachsen, aber ist das ein Gegenargument, einmal die Verhältnisse umzukehren?
"Neu Denken!" kann neue Perspektiven…
Комментариев нет:
Отправить комментарий